26 Jul 2014

Prelude to Hunting

My next series of blogs will be about hunting. Legal and Illegal. 
It will be completed in a parts, due to my inability to manage word counts (as previously discussed) and the sheer size of the topics at hand. 

Part one will discuss legal hunting:

1.1 Trophy Hunting 
  • Why they [trophy hunters] think they're conserving nature and what they're actually doing
  • The stance of NGO's (non government organisations) on trophy hunting 
  • The negative implications of trophy hunting on elephant and rhino populations, including its impact on the illegal trade in ivory and horn (permit loopholes, for example)
  • Alternatives to Trophy Hunting
1.2 Canned Hunting
  • What it actually is 
  • The current conservation status of lions in the wild and how canned hunting is not necessarily the best alternative
  • Alternatives to Canned Hunting
1.3 Sustenance Hunting
  • What it is 
  • Why it doesn't actually belong in the same category as the two above
Part two will discuss illegal hunting:


2.1 Bushmeat
  • What is actually is and the species it affects
  • Impact of bushmeat on the human population
  • Why it differs from sustenance hunting 
2.2 Illegal trade in ivory and horn
  • The impact on elephants and rhinos as well as the wider ecosystem 
  • Population numbers and expected extinction in the wild
  • Why it doesn't just affect African species: the impact on their Asian cousins
  • A future without elephants and rhinos - more than just drawings in a picturebook
  • What can be done to prevent our great land mammals from dying out
2.3 Trade in live animals and body parts
  • The effects of western tourism to Asian countries (in particular) on its local fauna
  • Links between tourism and the trade in tiger body parts
  • The exotic pet trade 
  • Traditional Asian Medicine
  • This section will include marine and terrestrial species
Phew!

As much as I've discussed these subjects in assignments for uni, with friends and, well, anyone who will listen (I don't go busking with my opinions, by the way, I'm not like preaching on a street corner or anything, its just when people asked what I was studying and the conversation evolved, as it were!) and how much I think I know these subjects, new, pertinent issues, stories, statistics and revelations come up all the time; thus the list above is not exhaustive. 

Always make a cup of tea before reading my blog and schedule loo breaks. 

A happy Totoro, just for you! <3
Some of the images I will post are going to be abhorrent - I will put a warning at the top, for those of a sensitive deposition. 
I'll make sure I finish with a Disney or Ghibli image at the end, so you don't have too many nightmares! 

I want to make these topics more approachable to a wider audience; too often, scientists, conservationists and those working within such fields assume everyone knows what they're blabbering on about, but often they will come out with jargon, or they've gone a bit too thesaurus-happy on Word, so you end up having to Google half of what they're saying. 

They're also likely to curse me for discussing things in the first person and using abbreviations  - because its not scientific enough - I can and have done it, but again, it doesn't have a personable/relatable side to it , to approach a wider audience. I will be discussing the vital importance of community conservation and capacity building in a future post, and why altering the way and manner you discuss a topic with someone, can change conservation efforts (its about involvement!). 

If there is any terminology or jargon I've used and you do not think I've not made it clear enough, please leave a comment and I'll explain myself - if there is loads, then I'll set up a separate terminology/reference blog, where it can be discussed further. 

18 Jul 2014

No hues of Green in Tory Blue Ms Truss

Cameron's cabinet resuffle had educators and environmentalists rejoicing. 

Gove had gone and teachers up and down the land cried and laughed with glee.

Paterson was ousted *hurrah* 
He denied the impending (also known as: currently experiencing) climate change - and clearly didn't see the link as parts of the UK were submerged from flooding and burst banks last winter; he waged war on our beloved badgers and a lot of Brits ate horse meat without knowing it. 

Good riddance, I say. Don't let the door hit you on your way out. 

There was a brief moment of panic at the Game Fair where the new head of Defra (Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) Mrs Elizabeth Truss nearly bumped into her predecessor Paterson at the Countryside Alliance (CA) table. Awkward!!

I personally believe in equal opportunities for men and women, but above that, I believe the best person for the job should not be defined by gender. 

oh Camoron... really???
Oh, hello Ms Truss, I believe you used to work for Shell. 

Obviously, when you discuss matters of Defra, the environment and all that that entails, your first instinct is to go to someone who used to work for an oil giant. It's a natural progression. 

Honestly, Ms Truss, I can totally see why we need a third runway at Heathrow - no it really won't impact the environment, it can only improve when fuel is dumped in the seas before landing. 
Who doesn't love the sound of a low flying plane anyway??

Of course, Ms Truss, we need to get rid of those vermin badgers (Taxonomic family: Mustelidae) they totes spread bovine TB to cows (Taxonomic family: Bovidae).

Badger looking all smug in his tweed,
rubbing it in the faces of the CA.
How dare he!

As you have probably gathered, I do not think Ms Truss - whether she's is a lady, a Tory or a reptilian overlord - is the best person for the job of heading Defra. 

Don't get me wrong, I loath Paterson just as much. Again, idiots are gender neutral to me. 

As delightfully stated by Maria Eagle (Labour's Shadow Environment Secretary), Ms Truss has flunked her first test as environment secretary, by stating that the - completely abhorrent and failed - badger culls, will continue as planned. 


Really Ms Truss? 
You don't want to reconsider this decision by examining and reviewing the evidence? 
You don't want to have a word with the treasury to see how much money was wasted on these culls? 
You don't want to speak to independent scientific advisers about their analysis of the culls? 

Gosh! It's almost as if you've been brought in before next years General Elections to just be a skirt and a pair of heels! 
Have you been told by the XY Tory elite that ladies should not be messing with policy? 

Well, just for some food for thought, as it were, a European Commission report from 2012 described a catalogue of failures in England's preventive measures to curb the spread of bTB in livestock. 

The EC gave the UK  €23m in 2011 to prevent the spread of disease " Its inspectors found that the removal of cattle with TB was below the target of 90% in 10 days, and that in the first half of 2011 more than 1,000 cattle had not been removed after 30 days.
"They found that there were 3,300 overdue TB tests as of May 2011 and that "many" calf passports – used to track movements – were incomplete. They also found that only 56% disease report forms had been completed on time, with the authorities blaming lack of resources. Funding cuts were cited as the reason for the failure of local authorities to update central databases systematically."

All them badgers, messing with them governments databases...Its like when they grabbed them goalposts and moved them...

"The EC report stated: "Local authority surveys provided evidence that some cattle farmers may have been illegally swapping cattle ear tags, ie retaining TB-positive animals in their herds and sending less productive animals to slaughter in their place." There are 8.5 million cattle in Great Britain on 81,000 holdings, with 2.4m movements a year. In 2011, about 7% of herds were under restriction due to TB and 26,000 cattle were destroyed"

Outrageous!!! 
Gosh! One might think it wasn't the badgers fault at all. You can't really blame the cows in all this either. One might want to ... dare I say it... blame the farmers. 

Just for the hell of it, lets look at the common denominator in this whole disease-ridden mess - the farmer.

We'll ignore the fact for now that bTB did not originate in badgers, or a whole host of other British wildlife and introduced farmed species but bTB is now prevalent amongst them. Though bTB has been around for several hundred years, it is thought that the increase of the disease is linked to intensively managed breeding of cattle and farming practices. 

As the EC report states, there are 2.4 million cattle movements a year - this is transporting cattle for trade and to abattoirs. 
So maybe, just maybe, there is an issue surrounding biosecurity. 

So lets put this in a non-agriculture context; when you're in hospital, or visiting someone who is, the key item you will find on each doorway or route around said hospital, is hand sanitizer or alcohol gel. This kills germs, bacteria and disease. This is for patients, nurses, doctors, hospital support staff and visitors - anyone and everyone using the hospital. By using hand sanitizer, you cut off the source of disease transmission - within hospitals its hands, within agriculture this includes hands, boots, transport vehicles - you cut down the risk of the spread of disease. 
Obviously this is not infallible; it is not a perfect system, but it is the best system available. 

I had a newly qualified agri-vet friend say, that there is footage of badgers getting into cattle feed stores and eating the cow’s food; this was how it was transferred.

If bTB is being spread by saliva (which it can) and you consider the proximity of one cow to another, the disease transmission rate is going to be high (think wet noses) compared to the proximity of a cow standing next to a badger (think height difference!); however, disease transmission will be considerably higher in intensive (or semi-intensive) dairy cattle compared to beef cattle - beef cattle are generally fed out on fields, where dairy cattle are confined. Just like disease transmission will spread faster in a hospital environment with a lot of people, compared to that of a few.

If badgers are getting into feed stores, then again there is an issue with farm management; repairing and safeguarding feed stores is going to be immensely cheaper in the long run, than sending your livestock to slaughter for having bTB.

You could consider this in another light; it is no secret that farmers will receive a government payoff for having cattle with bTB – some have deliberately infected their cattle - but with supermarkets constantly trying to undercut each other on price, for the bulk of the business, you can almost see why farmers would rather risk losing a few cattle to bTB than having to do a deal with a big chain supermarket, that jeopardises and puts immense strain on a farmers livelihood and family.

Many farmers have said they love their animals – and I do believe them – just as a shopkeeper loves their stock; there will be a degree of write-offs at the end of the financial year.

The culls have yet to prove badgers have anything to do with the spread of bTB in cattle; the real issue in this is addressing the issue of unscrupulous farmers; those that refuse to acknowledge their role in disease transmission and those that feel they have no other option due to supermarket competition.

Farmers, government workers and now Ms Truss need to deal with biosecurity on farms and farm equipment, abattoirs, trade of cattle, transport vehicles and the day-to-day running of the farm; then they need to start looking at a 'Fair Pay for Farmers' deal with supermarkets. Personally, I think meat should be treated as a luxury item and not an essential; if people reduced the amount of meat or meat based products in their diet, it would save the NHS a considerable sum of money a year (and then it wouldn't need to look at privatising sectors) - if people bought locally, then that would have benefits for their local economy too. 


So Ms Truss, I highly recommend you re-evaluate your stance on the badger cull. Badgers are one of our last large British wild mammal species, we should be doing what we can to ensure their survival, not condemning them without charge. 



28 Jun 2014

Tiger Territory

BBC Wildlife magazine published an article about the captivity of tigers, after the arrival of three tiger cubs at ZSL’s (London Zoo) Tiger Territory attraction. 
The enclosure and facilities cost £3.6 million and is five times larger than the previous 2,500 m² enclosure. The article – and in light of recent culls of ‘surplus’ or ‘genetically defective’ animals – questions (albeit very on the fence) the ethics and conservation need of zoos.

The article highlights points from Will Travers (Born Free), Susan Bass (Big Cat Rescue) and Mark Jones (Humane Society International UK), which I will discuss; however, it divulges the opinions of Kirsten Pullen of BIAZA (British and Irish Associationof Zoos and Aquariums).

Before I discuss what she said and her distinct idiocy, I will point out that I am biased in my opinion (I will also use emotive language but I'll do more 'sciency' posts later), though I do try to validate my argument with fact, just so they’re not washy blabbering’s.

Pullen States:
It is not just about breeding numbers. It is about making sure we have a good genetic biodiversity so that the genes left are robust enough to deal with challenges like natural disasters or disease

We’ll start with defining conserve and preserve: 
  • To conserve, you are allowing something to alter, evolve and change over time as it would do naturally. 
  • To preserve, you are keeping something in its original form, without allowing change.

In the wild, when we conserve a species, it must be fit enough to adapt to a changing environment, develop resistance to disease (red squirrels are showing a resistance to the introduced greys’ pox virus), pass on genetics through natural means (sexual selection) and pass on learnt behaviours to the next generation (an innate –genetically coded for- instinct for a big cat might be to hunt, but it needs to develop those skills through learning from an adult, for example - just look at your cats and their gifts of still slightly alive birds).

Within a captive setting –particularly a captive setting outside the species native country or range- you are merely preserving the species and its genetic makeup. Why? Well...
  • It does not have the climate it has evolved to live in - it cannot adapt to any changes (such as climate change) in that environment
  • It does not have a choice of kin (there is no competition between rival males to fight for a breeding female) as it is completed, in captivity, through studbooks and artificial insemination (AI) in cases where a pair would not breed (as we know, humans do not always know best!), 
  • It is not exposed to disease or has the opportunity to develop that immunity; wild counterparts deal with parasite burdens - that individual will either be able to cope, survive and then pass on its successful genes to the next generation, or the parasite burden can be too much (or too little) that the animal actually has a change in its scent that a female (the choosy female hypothesis) would not want to mate with him (parasites can alter the size of antlers on rutting bucks, which in turn, alter their attractiveness to females!),
  • In the case of big cat species, it is suppressed of its natural instincts to hunt (as meat on a tractor chain doesn't quite cut it) thus is deprived of the ability to learn these skills; therefore, they are not suitable for any type of reintroduction programme (as it simply would not survive). I do also wonder if certain traits are bred for, such as dealing with captivity - a truly wild tiger would not survive within a captive setting, for any length of time.
Within a captive setting, that ‘good genetic biodiversity’ is only good within a captive collection, or a shared captive collection between other zoos and safari parks.

They might have a good variety of genetics in captivity, but how much do they differ from wild counterparts?
What if there are wild individuals that carry those adaptable genes for a changing environment, that captives simply do not have; what conservation value do they have then?

These are all points I will develop further scientific arguments for, at a later date.

Pullen States:
In addition, seeing animals in the flesh can have an enormous impact on visitors she argues.It can inspire them to donate money or train to become the next generation of zoologists. People have even been known to change their brand of soap after finding out how palm oil is everyday products is destroying rainforests in places such as Sumatra” 
Natural history documentaries cannot play this role as effectively. Seeing tigers in a zoo is about getting an idea of the three-dimensional animals – how big they are, the sounds they make and what it feels like to be close to a carnivore like that…even the smell” she says.

This statement irritates me. 
The impact of seeing an animal in a zoo is normally held by a child visiting the zoo for the first time; the second time they might be slightly impressed or prefer to spend time at their favourite animals exhibit. If the family is a member of that particular zoo, those animals essentially become white noise, the zoo becomes an adventure playground - somewhere mum or dad can release their children to knacker them out for the day (I've seen it!).

I have briefly worked at a zoo and safari park (not in a keeper role, but working with the public); I asked one child what his favourite animals were and he replied “the dinosaurs”. 
Great! The extinct ones!
I do, of course, expect young boys to be fascinated by dinosaurs (as stereotypical as that might sound) but the Natural History Museum has an incredible dinosaur display (NHM is one of my most favourite places in the world!!).

A family of elephants in Wasgamuwa, Sri Lanka,
 where I did my research
into human-elephant conflict mitigation
I'm not denying the sight of an animal can be amazing - but I prefer the excitement of waiting quietly in a hide or tree hut, wondering when they will meander past, or checking my camera traps at the end of the day to see if anything was caught! 

I know, understand and appreciate that not everyone has the opportunity to travel and see these incredible animals in their natural habitat - and neither do I think everyone should have that opportunity - seeing them is not a right, its a privilege. Plus, we wouldn't want undisturbed natural habitat trampled by a load of tourists. 

Why should humans have this damned right to see any animal they want? 

For me, it wasn't my local zoo that inspired me to want to study elephants ... it was through volunteering abroad. Before that, it was Babar, The Really Wild Show, Challenge Anneka and David Attenborough (who hasn't been inspired by him??) that spiked my interest. I know everyone is different, and for some, yes, maybe zoos did play a role - maybe zoos played such a role that it angered them as to why animals were kept in captivity. 

I actually have been to Harapan Rainforest, Sumatra, travelling through mile after mile of oil palm plantations. Until you actually see it, it cannot possibly affect you in the same way a zoo sign discusses or a keeper might describe. 
Yes, some people have changed their palm oil shopping habitats; but to my knowledge, there has never been a study to determine if a zoo changed the mind of the public or if it was documentaries, programmes or charities. Though I could probably give an educated guess as which way the majority would swing. 

David Attenborough documentaries have always attracted millions of viewers and are still one of the most popular programmes on British television. I have yet to meet someone involved in conservation who actually hates Sir Attenborough's documentaries (I'm not saying they don't exist, just I've never met one- like a unicorn).

The article also reveals that recent campaigning at ZSL helped to raise £400,000 for in-situ tiger conservation (conservation of tigers in their natural habitat). 

I'll stop you there... 

£400,000 for in-situ tiger conservation....

sorry, let me just scroll up, and then come back down...

Was that £3.6 million spent on the tiger enclosure at ZSL for 5 whole tigers? 

yes...yes it was... 

Is it just me or does anyone else see something totally and inexcusably wrong with this?

If zoos could flip those numbers - then they will have an argument for conservation!

Just like the Natural History Museum preserves their taxidermy and the history of nature, zoos preserve wild animals in a Living Museum. 

If you want to see animals in 3D - go to NHM (and go on the earthquake simulator too!).

As controversial as it may seem - you don't visit a cancer ward before you give money to a cancer charity. 
You don't visit Africa's starving children before giving to a Feed the World charity. 

Therefore, you do not visit a zoo to give money to conservation. 

I'll continue with further explanation of some of these points and the valid arguments from the others mentioned in the article at a later date; for now, just let those figures swim around in your head for a while and start developing your own conclusions.

10 Jun 2014

Whimsical Earthling: An Introduction

You're possibly wondering about the name 'Whimsical Earthling', well, for one, I felt the inordinate pressure that comes with choosing a name for the blog. Everything normal was taken and alternatives required a sequence of unfathomable numbers after it, which felt, quite obviously, pointless.
I would never remember them anyway.

Whimsical was the first word that didn't relate to my name, that came to me.
I find it a lovely, playful word; it makes me think of secret gardens and dancing faeries, of Beatrix Potter and Peter Rabbit, and all things lovely to do with nature.
As with all things lovely to do with nature, you also get the changeability, the ferocious beating of drums in a thunder storm; the flash floods, the hurricanes and hail storms.
Whimsical is volatile, temperamental and unpredictable. Whimsical is playful, endearing and curious.

Earthling refers to all life on earth. Quite simply, all of us.
By us, I include Flora, Fauna and Merryweather (they're not just Disney characters).

This leads me on to why I'm starting this blog.
This blog amongst blogs.
Amongst millions of blogs.
Lurking in the hidden realms of the internet.

I have things to say that not all my Facebook friends appreciate (or indeed, care about) and things that exceed my 140 Twitter characters.
You'll see (as my lecturers did), I have an issue with word counts. I have a habit of rambling, discovering a tangent and finding out where it leads me. Its a curious trail, that includes stepping out of boxes and leading me down paths I probably shouldn't have followed.


There's normally an effervescent dragonfly and a giant net involved. 


Even if this blog only reaches one person (Hi Mum), my meanderings and brainfarts are out there.
Do with them what you wish, but understand where I come from first.
My views and opinions are my own. I will try my best to justify everything I have to say. You may not agree with my points, I don't expect you to but please remember, I may not agree with yours.

This is a blog about nature and conservation. 

I will write about the evils that men (and women. and possibly some horrid kids) do.
I will write about the truly magical things that conservationists and wildlife guardians do too.

Some things I will write will be in direct response to my current local area and country (Cheshire, UK).
I will include things about countries I've visited and countries I haven't yet.

I will first and foremost talk about the conservation of nature, regardless of its political boundaries.

I will discuss the poaching crisis, why trophy hunting is not conservation (despite what trophy hunters say), the unethical and un-eco aspects of eco-tourism (and its wonderfully green alternatives).

I will discuss the wonderments of conservation - like Rewilding Europe and United for Wildlife. I will talk about how wonderful conservation is and why we all need to play our part and why its so important to all of us.
I will discuss climate change, sustainability and renewable energies, capacity building, community conservation and connectivity conservation.
Most of what I will write will be in reference to a new bit of information I have discovered. If its a slow news day (this won't be daily!) then I will discuss a subject that is an on-going cause.
I will also talk about the things that have inspired me to pursue this life, of basking in the glory of nature and my drive to save it.

Anyway... that's my first example of over exceeding my word limit. This was meant to be a brief introduction.

If anyone in the troposphere that happens upon my blog, that wants to explore a subject further or wants ideas to involve kids in nature, then please, let me know. I would be happy to help! 

If anyone is interested about volunteering or would like to know more about the experiences I've had, please check out voluntearthling.blogspot.co.uk !!!


Mx

Definitions

Earthling

NOUN

  • (In science fiction) a word used by aliens to refer to an inhabitant of the earth:1: 'this was perfectly normal earthling behaviour'

Definitions

Whimsical


ADJECTIVE